He assumed responsibility for the publication of a collection of essays which fiercely criticized Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg and defended the teachings of the Catholic Church. Clemens August Graf von Galen 1878-1946. Kardinal von Galen war von 1933 bis 1946 Bischof von Münster und als Angehöriger des konservativen Flügels des Zentrums auch politisch engagiert. [21] By early 1937, the church hierarchy in Germany, which had initially attempted to co-operate with the Nazi government, had become highly disillusioned. According to Robert Jay Lifton, "[t]his powerful, populist sermon was immediately reproduced and distributed throughout Germany — indeed, it was dropped among German troops by British Royal Air Force flyers. The sermons were printed and distributed illegally. am 18. He told her how the Pope had quoted long passages from Galen's 1941 sermons from memory and how the Pope thanked him for his courage. Gräfin Josepha Christina Amalie Schaffgotsch genannt Semperfrei von und zu Kynast und Greiffenstein, 30. März 1878 - 22. Kardinal Clemens August von Galen war jedoch nur einer von vielen Kreuzzugs-Predigern, die von der Kirche selig- bzw. Clemens August Graf von Galen entstammt einer katholischen Adelsfamilie. Clemens August Graf von Galen wurde 1933 zum Bischof von Münster ernannt. https://www.dhm.de/.../biografie-clemens-august-graf-von-galen.html [37] He attacked the Gestapo for converting church properties to their own purposes – including use as cinemas and brothels. Clemens August Graf von Galen wurde am 16. … Aufnahme vom 05.08.2013. [63] During a commemoration in 2012, Jewish Holocaust survivor and witness Hans Kaufmann of Münster reminded of the fact that bishop Clemens August von Galen had offered a helping hand to the town's rabbi Fritz Steinthal after the 1938 Kristallnacht, but deplored that other Jewish victims in Münster did not receive much aid from neighbours the day after. Copies of the sermon were secretly circulated in Germany and among German troops. Blessed Clemens August Graf Cardinal von Galen (16 March 1878 – 22 March 1946) was the Catholic Bishop of Münster from 1933 to 1946. “… the most outstanding personality among the clergy in the British zone. Germany's capital contained districts of Protestant elites, a Catholic community composed of primarily working-class people and a Jewish community of both middle-class and poorer immigrants. Blessed Clemens August, Graf von Galen, (born March 16, 1878, Dinklage, Oldenburg, Germany—died March 22, 1946, Münster), Roman Catholic bishop of Münster, Germany, who was noted for his public opposition to Nazism. Zunächst galt Clemens August Graf von Galen den Nationalsozialisten als staatstreuer Kirchendiener. [33] The regime initiated its euthanasia program in 1939. Am 22. Gräfin Auguste von Sternberg-Manderscheid, 31. The Library is dedicated to research and scholarly, practical and creative ways of proactive crime prevention. [46] The local Nazi Gauleiter was furious and demanded Galen's immediate arrest. I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. Graf von Galen. We shall be at the mercy of any committee that can put a man on the list of unproductives. Freiin Elisabeth Augusta von Hompesch-Bollheim, 29. Den Anstoß zu dem Thema gaben 2015 die gleichnamigen Dinklager Schulen. At first Galen hoped that the Nazis would restore Germany to the position of respect that it had lost in World War I. [39] The resulting local protests in Germany broke the secrecy that had surrounded the euthanasia programme known as Aktion T4. [50] According to Anton Gill, "Galen used his condemnation of this appalling policy to draw wider conclusions about the nature of the Nazi state. Unexpectedly, at Christmas 1945 it became known that Pope Pius XII would appoint three new German cardinals: Bishop Clemens August von Galen, Bishop Konrad von Preysing of Berlin, and Archbishop Josef Fringsof Cologne. He told his audience that "whoever does not listen to the Church is a heathen and officially is a sinner". 1932 veröffentlichte von Galen seine Schrift Die „Pest des Laizismus“ und ihre Erscheinungsformen – Erwägungen und Besorgnisse eines Seelsorgers über die religiös-sittliche Lage der deutschen Katholiken. [39] Galen said that it was the duty of Christians to resist the taking of human life, even if it meant losing their own lives. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Clemens August Graf von Galen aus Münster und der Kölner Josef Frings durchlitten eine wahre Odysse auf dem Weg nach Rom. Omissions? I encouraged them, each who was able, to serve the Fatherland...I have done this [volunteered] because I believe I must be a good example for my community. He often criticized the Centre Party for being too left-wing. Clemens August Graf von Galen (* 1878; † 1946) was Bishop of Münster from 1933 to 1946. Graf Franz Joseph von Sternberg-Manderscheid, 15. Galen deplored the fall of the monarchy and was suspicious of the new Weimar democracy, believing that "the revolutionary ideas of 1918 had caused considerable damage to Catholic Christianity. He took a large number of comforting personal messages to their worried families. He feared the lower classes would embrace radicalism and anarchy. Clemens Augustinus Joseph Emmanuel Pius Antonius Hubertus Marie von Galen war ein deutscher katholischer Geistlicher und in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus Bischof von Münster (1933–1946), der sich als einer von nur wenigen Kirchenvertretern mit drei berühmten Predigten (1941) offen gegen das NS-Regime wendete und u. a. Stets gab es Schwierigkeiten bei einer genauen Charakterisierung und Einordnung des Predigers. "[26], In June 1935 he delivered a sermon that connected the heresy of the Anabaptists to the "sins of the Jews". [34] After 1941 the killing continued unofficially, with the total number of deaths estimated at 200,000. [72] He forcefully condemned the expulsion of German civilians from former German provinces and territories in the east annexed by communist Poland and the Soviet Union. Clemens Augustinus Emmanuel Joseph Pius Anthonius Hubertus Marie Graf von Galen (16. May God protect the dear fatherland. Galen was known as a fierce anti-Communist (he later supported the battle by the Axis powers on the Eastern Front against Joseph Stalin's regime in the Soviet Union[18]). [9] In 1899 he met Pope Leo XIII in a private audience. [12], Galen arrived in Berlin on 23 April 1906 and stayed until 16 April 1929. Zu seinem 75. He espoused the stab-in-the-back theory: that the German military was defeated in 1918 only because it had been undermined by defeatist elements on the home front. 11 € 48167 Gremmendorf. Durch seine tiefe Frömmigkeit und seinen Nationalkonservatismus geriet er in den Konflikt mit dem NS-Regime. [52] Generalmajor Hans Oster, a devout Lutheran and a leading member of the German Resistance, once said of Galen:[53]. He had become famous and popular, so after the pope had placed the red hat on his head with the words: 'God bless you, God bless Germany', Saint Peter's Basilica for minutes thundered in a "triumphant applause" for Galen. 8 Stelen geben dem Mut-Weg zur Burg sein Gesicht. März 2021 wird im St.-Paulus-Dom Münster seiner gedacht. "[73], When SS-General Kurt Meyer, accused of complicity in the shooting of eighteen Canadian prisoners of war, was sentenced to death, Galen pleaded for his life to be spared: "According to what has been reported to me, General Kurt Meyer was sentenced to death because his subordinates committed crimes he didn't arrange and of which he did not approve. Kundige Biografie unter einem spezifischen Blickwinkel - Der Autor zeigt wie sich Galens Glaube und... Versand möglich. Katholikos Kyriake Sancta Ecclesia de Iesous Christos et Maria Magdalena Sie sollen an das Wirken des Kardinals erinnern. Frederik Böckmann | 19.03.2021 Heinz Mussinghoff, Rassenwahn in Münster, Der Judenpogrom 1938 und Bischof Clemens August Graf von Galen, Regensberg Verlag, Münster, 1989, pp. Joseph Goebbels and party pragmatists preferred to wait until the end of hostilities to avoid undermining German morale in a heavily Catholic area. Den Anstoß zu dem Thema gaben 2015 die gleichnamigen Dinklager Schulen. In 1936, when the Nazis removed crucifixes from schools, Galen's protest led to a public demonstration. A curse on men and on the German people if we break the holy commandment “Thou shalt not kill” which was given us by God on Mount Sinai with thunder and lightning, and which God our Maker imprinted on the human conscience from the beginning of time! [3] After serving in Berlin parishes from 1906 to 1929, he became the pastor of Münster's St. Lamberti Church, where he was noted for his political conservatism before being appointed Bishop of Münster in 1933. 1878. [42] His attacks on the Nazis were so severe that Nazi official Walter Tiessler proposed in a letter to Martin Bormann that the Bishop of Münster be executed. He spoke in his old parish Church of St Lambert and in Liebfrauen-Ueberlassen Church, since the diocesan cathedral had been bombed. A commanding presence (6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) tall) — his rooms were furnished simply, he wore unpretentious clothing, and he spoke plainly — he did not like the theatre, secular music (except for military marches), or literature. [58] Kuropka also emphasized Galen's cordial personal relationship with Münster town rabbi Fritz Steinthal. Durch seine tiefe Frömmigkeit und seinen Nationalkonservatismus geriet er in den Konflikt mit dem NS-Regime. Prozessionsweg soll an Clemens August Graf von Galen erinnern. In 1896 he went to study at the Catholic University of Freiburg, which had been established in 1886 by the Dominicans, where he encountered the writings of Thomas Aquinas. He said he had forwarded his evidence to the State Attorney. The British authorities ordered him to renounce the sermon immediately, but the bishop refused. It is always his teachers and educators who are wrong. [45] Galen went on to raise the question of whether permanently injured German soldiers would fall under the programme as well. He intensely disliked the liberal values of the Weimar Republic and opposed individualism, socialism, and democracy. Evert van Vlastuin (Reformatorisch Dagblad, 9 november 2012). [34] It targeted people with dementia, cognitive/mental disabilities, mental illness, epileptic, physical disabilities, children with Down's Syndrome and people with similar afflictions. [37] In a Table Talk from 1942, Hitler said: "The fact that I remain silent in public over Church affairs is not in the least misunderstood by the sly foxes of the Catholic Church, and I am quite sure that a man like Bishop von Galen knows full well that after the war I shall extract retribution to the last farthing". Schöne Sprüche und Weisheiten von Clemens von Galen genauer: Clemens August Graf von Galen (geb. Johann Mathias Kaspar Friedrich Joseph von Ascheberg, 19. Documents suggest the Nazis intended to hang him at the end of the war. He was an outspoken critic of certain Nazi policies and helped draft Pope Pius XI's 1937 anti-Nazi encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (With Burning Concern). The Third Reich at War. Dieser obgleich nur als Vermutung geäußerte Vorwurf der Euthanasie war bereits die dritte Predigt von Clemens August Graf von Galen, in der der Bischof die kirchen- und menschenfeindliche Politik der Nationalsozialisten anprangerte: Am 13. [10] He chose as his motto "Nec laudibus nec timore", a phase from the liturgy used for a bishop's consecration when the consecrating bishop prays that the new bishop be overcome "neither by flattery nor by fear". Guter Zustand siehe Fotos. In a joint interview with British officials, Galen told the international press that "just as I fought against Nazi injustices, I will fight any injustice, no matter where it comes from". [6], Following this, in September 1943, another condemnation was read at the order of von Galen and other bishops from all Catholic pulpits in the diocese of Münster and across the German Empire, denouncing the killing of "the innocent and defenceless mentally handicapped and mentally ill, the incurably infirm and fatally wounded, innocent hostages and disarmed prisoners of war and criminal offenders, people of a foreign race or descent". Clemens August Graf von Galen (16. maaliskuuta 1878 Dinklage, Oldenburgin Münsterinmaa – 22. maaliskuuta 1946 Münster, Westfalen) oli toisen maailmansodan aikana Münsterin katolinen piispa Saksassa.Hän vastusti pelkäämättä sekä natsi-Saksan että liittoutuneiden miehitysjoukkojen mielivaltaisuuksia. März 1878. Galen told the Pope, "Yes, Holy Father, but many of my very best priests died in concentration camps, because they distributed my sermons." It was one of the first instances where the Reichskonkordat was used by the Church against the government, which was one of the intentions of Pope Pius XI. [22][23], In 1934, Bishop Galen began to attack the racial ideology of the Nazi regime, partly poking fun at it, partly critiquing its ideological basis as presented by the Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg. Quoting Pope Pius XII's Opus Justitiae Pax and Justitia fundamentum Regnorum, Galen noted that "Peace is the work of Justice and Justice, the basis for dominion", then attacked the Third Reich for undermining justice, the belief in justice and for reducing the German people to a state of permanent fear, even cowardice. Clemens Augustinus Emmanuel Joseph Pius Anthonius Hubertus Marie Graf[2] von Galen (16 March 1878 – 22 March 1946), better known as Clemens August Graf von Galen, was a German count, Bishop of Münster, and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Clemens Augustinus Joseph Emmanuel Pius Antonius Hubertus Marie Graf von Galen ou Clemens August Kardinal Graf von Galen ou ainda Clemens August Graf von Galen foi um arcebispo alemão, criado cardeal pelo Papa Pio XII em 1946, e beatificado em … Published: (1986) März 1878 in Dinklage, Oldenburger Münsterland; † 22. As a proponent of Christian legal opinion, which states that you are only responsible for your own deeds, I support the plea for clemency for General Meyer and pledge for a pardon." Generous American cardinals financed his Roman stay, as German money was not in demand. Sunday, 9 April 2017. He expressed his deep love for Germany and reminded them that he had been the first bishop to publicly acknowledge the new regime. He frequently complained directly to Hitler when he felt that the German dictator had violated the concordat he had signed in 1933 with the Vatican. (2009). September 1945 an Wilhelm Leisner: "Zum Tode Ihres lieben Sohnes, des hochwürdigen Herrn Karl Leisner, möchte ich Ihnen, Ihrer Frau und Ihren Kindern meine herzliche Teil­nahme aussprechen, – oder eigentlich meinen Glückwunsch: denn ich glaube sicher, Sie haben dem Himmel einen Heiligen geschenkt! The other man was Clemens August Graf von Galen, a towering giant of a man who later in 1933 was named bishop of Münster. Doch er wandelte sich und wurde als lautstarker Streiter gegen das Regime weltberühmt. Galen was named a cardinal on Febuary18, 1946. While some clergymen refused ever to feign support for the regime, in the Church's conflict with the State over ecclesiastical autonomy, the Catholic hierarchy adopted a strategy of "seeming acceptance of the Third Reich", by couching their criticisms as motivated merely by a desire to "point out mistakes that some of its overzealous followers committed" in order to strengthen the government. His only reported vice, which he refused to give up, was smoking his pipes. It is simply because that according to some doctor, or because of the decision of some committee, they have no longer a right to live because they are “unproductive citizens.”…, Once [we] admit the right to kill unproductive persons…then none of us can be sure of his life. He described how "the Israelites debased the Savior", and how people who resisted Jesus as the Christ appeared on the "side of the blinded Jews". Bischof Clemens August . Gehorsam & Gewissen. Clemens August Graf von Galen wurde am 16. [citation needed], Until 1890, Clemens August and his brother Franz were tutored at home. Durch seine tiefe Frömmigkeit und seinen Nationalkonservatismus geriet er in den Konflikt mit dem NS-Regime. Reluctant to transform Galen into a martyr, the Nazi government put him under virtual house arrest but deported priests serving in his diocese and took violent retribution against at least three priests who had distributed the sermon. Aufnahmeort: Privathaus der Familie Reding in Dortmund. Skulptur „Clemens August Graf von Galen“ (Toni Schneider-Manzell, 1978) am St.-Paulus-Dom, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland (2014) Englisch Sculpture “Clemens August Graf von Galen” (Toni Schneider-Manzell, 1978) at St Paul's Cathedral, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (2014) Denn in dem Augenblick, in welchem die menschliche Obrigkeit in ihren Befehlen den klar This is murder, he exclaimed, unlawful by divine and German law, a rejection of the laws of God. Tailliert, ohne Flecken und Löcher. Clemens en August Bluse Hemd Gr. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Clemens August Graf von Galen ist bis in unsere Tage eine umstrittene Persönlichkeit. Heute hat einer der ganz Großen Geburtstag – einer der ganz Großen für mich: Kardinal Clemens August Graf von Galen, der Löwe von Münster – geboren am 16. 67-99, "Bischof Clemens August Graf von Galen im Kampf gegen den Rassenwahn", "Bishop von Galen against racist delusion". He was made bishop of Münster in 1933. [74], Unexpectedly, at Christmas 1945 it became known that Pope Pius XII would appoint three new German cardinals: Bishop Clemens August von Galen, Bishop Konrad von Preysing of Berlin, and Archbishop Josef Frings of Cologne. In 1941, von Galen delivered three sermons in which he denounced the arrest of Jesuits, the confiscation of church property, Nazi attacks on the Church, and in the third, fiercely condemned the state-approved mass killing in the involuntary euthanasia programme of persons with mental or physical defects (Aktion T4). He pointed to the Russians also as among those who had not respected God-given authority. Nach dem Abitur studierte er in Innsbruck und Münster Theologie und wurde am 28.05.1904 zum Priester geweiht. [24] In January 1934, he criticized Nazi racial policy in a sermon and, in subsequent homilies, equated unquestioning loyalty to the Reich with "slavery". Following his return from the wearisome travel to Vatican City, the new cardinal was celebrated enthusiastically in his native Westphalia and in his destroyed city of Münster, which still lay completely in ruins as a result of the air raids. Why? März 1946, sondern setzt sich bis heute fort. [26] In Stroop's view, Galen's German patriotism "was tainted by Papist ideals, which have been harmful to Germany for centuries. On 13 April 1945, he raised a protest with American military authorities against the mass rape of German women by Allied and particularly Soviet soldiers as well as against the plundering of German homes, factories, research centres, firms and offices by American and British troops.[68][69]. August 1941 hielt. He equated the rejection of Christianity with rejection of worldly authority, leading to anarchy and chaos. If that were indeed a justification for execution, he reasoned, everybody would have to be afraid to even go to a doctor for fear of what might be discovered. He welcomed us politely but with reserve. In August 1917 he visited the front lines in France and found the optimistic morale of the troops uplifting. His term as bishop thus closely coincided with the Chancellorship of Adolf Hitler.. Nach dem Tod von Karl Leisner schrieb Bischof Clemens August Graf von Galen am 4. März: Clemens August Graf von Galen wird in Dinklage (Münsterland) als Sohn des Zentrumsabgeordneten Ferdinand Graf von Galen und dessen Frau Elisabeth (geb. Pfarrbüro "Maria Königin" At a time when the Jesuits were still not permitted in Münster, he received his main schooling at a Jesuit School, Stella Matutina in the Vorarlberg, Austria, where only Latin was spoken. [55] Galen feared that German Catholics were being relegated to second-class status in Hitler's Germany and believed Hitler was missing the point that the Catholic Church and the state could be aligned against Bolshevism. File:Münster, St.-Paulus-Dom, Skulptur Skulptur "Clemens August Graf von Galen" -- 2018 -- 3686.jpg (file redirect) Metadata This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. März. And what resolution in his sermons! In part because of Galen’s public protest, the T4 program was formally halted, though it continued clandestinely. [14], During the First World War, Galen volunteered for military service in order to demonstrate his loyalty to the Kaiser. Peter Hoffmann; The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945; 3rd Edn (First English Edn); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p.24, Anton Gill; An Honourable Defeat; A History of the German Resistance to Hitler; Heinemann; London; 1994; p. 60, Ian Kershaw; Hitler a Biography; 2008 Edn; W.W. Norton & Co; London; pp. Clemens August Graf von Galen. Inhalt. [38] Hitler wanted to have Galen removed as a bishop, but Goebbels told him this would result in the loss of the loyalty of the population of Westphalia. Karlsplatz 1 59065 Hamm Tel. The Nazis responded with an intensification of their campaign against the Catholic Church. He expressed his opposition to secularism in his book Die Pest des Laizismus und ihre Erscheinungsformen (The Plague of Laicism and its Forms of Expression) (1932). On second review, a Canadian general, finding only "a mass of circumstantial evidence", commuted Meyer's death sentence to imprisonment. Er be­such­te das Je­sui­ten­gym­na­si­um in Feld­kirch und mach­te 1896 das Ab­itur in Ve­ch­ta. Galen left Innsbruck in 1903 to enter the seminary in Münster and was ordained a priest on 28 May 1904 by Bishop Hermann Dingelstadt. [59] According to Kuropka, while there was no evidence in church archives for the rabbi's statement made from memory that after the Kristallnacht, by order of Galen, prayers for the Jews were said in all the churches of the Diocese of Münster, Kuropka was able to cite confirmatory evidence from Rhineland Gestapo files. Roman Catholic Cardinal. Münster werd in 1938 de plek van brekend glas. He denounced the Nazis for trying to introduce Germanic neo-paganism into his diocese. Todestag am 22. In an interview with Swiss media, Galen demanded punishment for Nazi criminals but humane treatment for the millions of German prisoners of war who had not committed any crimes and who were being denied contact with their relatives by the British. Clemens August Graf von Galen , der zum Kardinal erhobene Bischof von Münster, kehrt am 16. Als elftes von dreizehn Kindern wuchs er in der Geborgenheit seiner gläubigen Familie auf. The library is also dedicated to her memory. "[48] Howard K. Smith called Galen "heroic", writing that the movement he represented was so widespread that the Nazi government could not arrest the bishop. als „großen Zeugen des Glaubens … , der in finsterer Zeit das Licht der Wahrheit aufgerichtet und den Mut des Widerstands gegen die Macht der Tyrannei gezeigt hat.“ Von Galen, der kurz vor seinem Tod von Papst Pius XII. Bluse von Clemens en August. heilig gesprochen wurden. He also expressed his opposition to modernity in his book Die Pest des Laizismus und ihre Erscheinungsformen (The Plague of Laicism and its Forms of Expression) (1932). Meyer served nine years in British and Canadian military prisons. März 1878 als elftes von dreizehn Kindern auf Burg Dinklage im Münsterland (Landkreis Vechta) geboren. If there were, Germany would look quite different! Frings platzte schon der Kragen: „Herr General, bitte kehren Sie um! [51] The sermons influenced the Scholl siblings in founding the White Rose pacifist student resistance group. Clemens August Antonius Ignatz von Ketteler, 25. [29] There were mass arrests of clergy and church publishing houses were expropriated, followed by widely spread abuse allegations and staged morality trials against members of religious orders and priests. https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienC/Clemens_August_Galen.html Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. There should be a handful of such people in all our churches, and at least two handfuls in the Wehrmacht. Februar im Alter von 79 Jahren in Borken im Münsterland, wie „Kirche-und-Leben.de“ im Umfeld der Familie bestätigt wurde. Kardinal von Galen - Triumph und Tod: Fotos seiner letzten Lebenstage Published: (2005) Clemens August Graf von Galen: Bischof von Münster im Dritten Reich by: Sandstede-Auzelle, Marie-Corentine, et al. Versuch einer historischen Würdigung:~ Die Gestalt und das Wirken des Bischofs Clemens August Graf v. Galen, dessen zwanzigster Todestag den Anlaß des heutigen Ge­ denkens bildet, sind nicht nur in Stadt und Bistum Münster und nicht nur im katholischen Volksteil in lebendiger Erinnerung. Galen's sermon probably had a greater impact than any other one statement in consolidating anti-'euthanasia' sentiment. Nach der Priesterweihe wurde Clemens August zunächst Domvikar … Der ehemalige Professor für Neueste Geschichte an der Universität Vechta starb am 22. Studium der Theologie in Innsbruck. "Clemens August Kardinal von Galen" Alte Aufnahmen von den letzten Lebenstagen des Kardinals. Hier finden Sie alles rund um Clemens August von Galen und weiteren Glaubenszeugen. He was promoted to cardinal in 1946 and beatified in 2005. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Blessed-Clemens-August-Graf-von-Galen, Spartacus Educational - Biography of August von Galen, Facing History and Ourselves - Bishop von Galen and the War against the Disabled. One of his teachers was history professor and noted biblical archaeologist Johann Peter Kirsch. [6] One of von Galen's sermons of 1941 was the group's first pamphlet. Doch er wandelte sich und wurde als lautstarker Streiter gegen das Regime weltberühmt. Clemens August Graf von Galen hatte bereits zu Lebzeiten mit einigen Kontroversen um seine Person zu kämpfen. Galen's three powerful sermons of July and August 1941 earned him the nickname of the "Lion of Münster". Following the German surrender in November 1918, Galen, still in Berlin, worked to create soup kitchens, aid societies, and clothing drives to deal with immediate problems of hunger and poverty.
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