The river and a 37 kilometres (23 mi) wide strip of coastline on its north bank provide the country's only outlet to the Atlantic. [citation needed]. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of 17 Megadiverse countries, and is the most biodiverse African country.[92]. [150][151][152] Gertler and Steinmetz put GEC's 75% share in Komoto Oliveira Virgule (KOV), the project made of up of Tilwezembe and Kananga, along with the Kolwesi concentrator, into Nikanor plc. The usual term for these children is enfants sorciers (child witches) or enfants dits sorciers (children accused of witchcraft). Demokratische Republik Kongo Nach dem Machtwechsel im Januar 2019 zieht der ehemalige Präsident Kabila weiterhin die Fäden. [178], Over 200 ethnic groups populate the Democratic Republic of the Congo, of which the majority are Bantu peoples. Before 2015, the country had 11 provinces. Bismack Biyombo, Christian Eyenga, and Emmanuel Mudiay are others who gained significant international attention in basketball. Gender: feminine; Type: proper; Copy to clipboard; Details / edit; omegawiki. High, glaciated mountains (Rwenzori Mountains) are found in the extreme eastern region. In 2015, elections were scheduled for late 2016 and a tenuous peace held in the Congo.[74]. He says people believe the situation in the DRC is "stably bad" but in fact, it has become much, much worse. However, the smaller-scale economic activity from artisanal mining occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. "M23 fighters patrolled the streets of Congo's main cities, firing on or arresting protesters or anyone else deemed to be a threat to the president," they said. The DRC is also one of the twenty lowest-ranked countries on the Corruption Perception Index. [96] The forest elephant is particularly at risk due to the high cost of its ivory, especially in the Far East, due to this its population has reduced by 62% in 2002–2011[97] The main way this poaching for ivory can be reduced is through the hampering of the international demand for ivory, as this drives the trade. When the country was a Belgian colony, the Belgian colonizers instituted teaching and use of the four national languages in primary schools, making it one of the few African nations to have had literacy in local languages during the European colonial period. Ländername: Demokratische Republik Kongo, République Democratique du Congo Klima: Das Klima in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo ist tropisch. The transition from the Congo Free State to the Belgian Congo was a break but it also featured a large degree of continuity. In 2007, Tremalt was owned by Prairie International Ltd, of which Dan Gertler's family trust was a major shareholder. [6] As of 2018[update], around 600,000 Congolese have fled to neighbouring countries from conflicts in the centre and east of the DRC. Cobalt is also used in magnetic alloys and in cutting and wear-resistant materials such as cemented carbides. The Congo is inhabited by several great ape species: the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), the bonobo (Pan paniscus), the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei), and possibly the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). Another feature in Congo culture is its music. Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable migration data. "2010 Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Children in Congo forced into exorcisms", Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Stadiums in the Democratic Republic Congo, Countries: Democatric Republic of the Congo: News, "Women Perception of French Colonial Life in 19th Century Africa, 1996", "Frederick Kambemba Yamusangie Interview", "Congo Rainforest and Basin | Places | WWF", "Forests, desertification and biodiversity – United Nations Sustainable Development", "Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin", "Using spatial statistics to identify emerging hot spots of forest loss", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material", "There's Another Side To Bush Meat That Doesn't Get Much Attention", "Bush meat sold on the markets in Kisangani: analysis addressed to the right on species conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Ebola poses challenges for bush meat in Congo", "Resource Wars and Conflict Ivory: The Impact of Civil Conflict on Elephants in the Democratic Republic of Congo – The Case of the Okapi Reserve", Wikimedia Atlas of Democratic Republic of the Congo, The Democratic Republic of Congo from Global Issues, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Southern African Development Coordination Conference, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=1013093245, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Swahili-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1960, 1960 establishments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Articles with French-language sources (fr), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)-language text, Articles containing Lingala-language text, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles containing Luba-Lulua-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles needing additional references from December 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2013, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, poaching, which threatens wildlife populations. [28] Determining precisely how many people died is impossible, as no accurate records exist. [citation needed]. 299) found that 74.8% of women agreed that a husband is justified in beating his wife in certain circumstances. Species loss has been cited as a problem in the DRC, brought about or exacerbated by reasons that include deforestation for mining, wood fuel, infrastructure or agriculture, war, illegal poaching and increased consumption of bush meat due to overpopulation and lack of food security. Meaning of Demokratische Republik Kongo. [206] [118], The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 2006 expressed concern that in the post-war transition period, the promotion of women's human rights and gender equality is not seen as a priority. Three routes in the Trans-African Highway network pass through DR Congo: The Democratic Republic of Congo has thousands of kilometres of navigable waterways. A transitional government was set up until after the election. Today, Muslims constitute approximately 1% of the Congolese population according to Pew research center. [163], In 2014, the literacy rate for the population between the ages of 15 and 49 was estimated to be 75.9% (88.1% male and 63.8% female) according to a DHS nationwide survey. Many park wardens were either killed or could not afford to continue their work. It also provided for the creation of a Conseil Superieur de la Defense (Superior Defence Council) which would declare states of siege or war and give advice on security sector reform, disarmament/demobilisation, and national defence policy. However, conversely conflict reduced deforestation for large scale mining due to security instability. He periodically held elections in which he was the only candidate. Congolese troops have been fighting the Kivu conflict in the eastern North Kivu region, the Ituri conflict in the Ituri region, and other rebellions since the Second Congo War. Rail transportation is provided by the Congo Railroad Company (Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer du Congo) and the Office National des Transports (Congo) (ONATRA) and the Office of the Uele Railways (Office des Chemins de fer des Ueles, CFU). [84][85][86] In August 2019, six months after the inauguration of Félix Tshisekedi, a coalition government was announced. Kabila was assassinated in 2001. It is, by area, the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, the second-largest in all of Africa (after Algeria), and the 11th-largest in the world. On 17 May 1997, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu, became President after Mobutu fled to Morocco, reverting the country's name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Demokratische Republik Kongo Demokratische Republik Kongo | Afrika. DR Congo consistently has the lowest, or nearly the lowest, nominal GDP per capita in the world. [122][123], Female genital mutilation (FGM) is also practiced in DRC, although not on a large scale. Po površini je druga na kontinentu, iza Alžira. Malnutrition affects approximately two-thirds of the country's population. In the northeast, centre and east, the kingdoms of Azande, Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. EN. [102], The global growth in demand for scarce raw materials and the industrial surges in China, India, Russia, Brazil and other developing countries require that developed countries employ new, integrated and responsive strategies for identifying and ensuring, on a continual basis, an adequate supply of strategic and critical materials required for their security needs. M. Musset Quintais. This was criticized as these regions are known as opposition strongholds. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of whom live in Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimated 2000 data. Nearly 900 Banunu people from four villages were slaughtered by members of the Batende community in a deep-rooted rivalry over monthly tribal duties, land, fields and water resources. [231] The reason conflict is so damaging to wildlife is the increased use of bush meat to feed soldiers, the prevalence of weapons, the lucrative industry of selling exotic animals and ivory as well as the general failure of law and order. The syncretic sects often merge elements of Christianity with traditional beliefs and rituals and are not recognized by mainstream churches as part of Christianity. Modern Congolese literature began to emerge in the late 1950s. Squad size: Translation for 'Demokratische Republik Kongo' in the free German-English dictionary and many other English translations. [89], On 17 January 2002 Mount Nyiragongo erupted in Congo, with the lava running out at 64 km/h (40 mph) and 46 m (50 yd) wide. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring countries' ethnic links to DRC nationals, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Denis M. Tull; Chapter. ", "Ranking Of The World's Diamond Mines By Estimated 2013 Production", "Congo's Riches, Looted by Renegade Troops", "DRC's Katanga governor woos bona fide resources investors, heaps praise on Nikanor", "Katanga Project Update and 2Q 2008 Financials, Katanga Mining Limited, 12 August 2008", "Watchdog says $88m missing in Congolese mining taxes", "Energie hydraulique des barrages d'Inga : Grands potentiels pour le développement de la République Démocratique du Congo et de l'Afrique", "DR Congo economic and strategic significance", "The Power Plants That May Save a Park, and Aid a Country", "Enquête Démographique et de Santé en République Démocratique du Congo 2013–2014", Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo – Wikisource, "UIS.Stat (see: National Monitoring >> Number of students and enrolment rates by level of education >> Enrollment by level of education)", "Congo, With Donors' Help, Introduces New Vaccine for Pneumococcal Disease", "The World Factbook – Field Listing : HIV/AIDS : adult prevalence rate", "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Epidemiological profile, World Malaria Report 2014", "Yellow fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo", "The World Factbook – Country Comparison : Maternal mortality rate", "The Latest: Ebola deaths top 1,000 in Congo outbreak", "Millions 'on the edge' in DR Congo, now in even greater danger of tipping over: WFP", "The World Factbook: Africa - Congo, Democratic Republic of the", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Pygmies want UN tribunal to address cannibalism, "Calls for Angola to Investigate Abuse of Congolese Migrants", "Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013–2014", "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", "Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa". Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) consist of about 144,000 personnel, the majority of whom are part of the land forces, also with a small air force and an even smaller navy. Trotz seiner zahlreichen Defizite schritt der Friedensprozess im Jahresverlauf langsam aber stetig voran — vornehmlich weil die Teilnehmer der Transitionsregierung ihre Interessen innerhalb des neuen politischen Arrangements gewahrt sahen. (2 March 2018). [98] However, the study indicated that poaching is still an existing problem, with researchers finding 380 snares and park guards continually being ambushed and killed by poachers.[98]. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. The FARDC was established in 2003 after the end of the Second Congo War and integrated many former rebel groups into its ranks. BBC. [79], A tribal conflict erupted on 16–17 December 2018 at Yumbi in Mai-Ndombe Province, 400 km (250 miles) north of Kinshasa. The development of metal tools during this time period revolutionized agriculture. [176], United Nations emergency food relief agency warned that amid the escalating conflict and worsening situation following COVID-19 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, millions of lives were at risk as they could die of hunger. "UN: Two million children risk starvation in DRC. Four years later the first local administrative council was elected. Kahuzi-Biega National Park (1980), Local authorities and elements within the security forces were suspected of lending them support. Find the perfect Demokratische Republik Kongo stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. UN peacekeepers, MONUC, now known as MONUSCO, arrived in April 2001. In a campaign to identify himself with African nationalism, starting on 1 June 1966, Mobutu renamed the nation's cities: Léopoldville became Kinshasa (the country was now Congo-Kinshasa), Stanleyville became Kisangani, Elisabethville became Lubumbashi, and Coquilhatville became Mbandaka. info) French: République démocratique du Congo (RDC) [kɔ̃ɡo]), also known as Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo (French: RD Congo), the DROC,[7] or simply either Congo or the Congo, and historically Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. [44] A single-party system was established, and Mobutu declared himself head of state. In April 2013, anti-corruption NGOs revealed that Congolese tax authorities had failed to account for $88 million from the mining sector, despite booming production and positive industrial performance. Dikembe Mutombo is one of the best African basketball players to ever play the game. Since 2015, the Eastern DR Congo has been the scene of an ongoing military conflict in Kivu. [215] Some attempts to combat species loss in countries such as the DRC are actions such as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically SDG 15 Life on Land, the primary goals of which is to increase reforestation and biodiversity and reduce species loss, desertification, and illegal poaching. Ertürk added that "Armed groups attack local communities, loot, rape, kidnap women and children, and make them work as sexual slaves". The Force Publique gained a notable victory when it marched into Tabora in September 1916 under the command of General Charles Tombeur after heavy fighting. [3] The provinces are subdivided into 145 territories and 32 cities. Belgian exploration and administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s. The CNDP signed a peace treaty with the government in which it agreed to become a political party and to have its soldiers integrated into the national army in exchange for the release of its imprisoned members. According to Yakin Ertürk, the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women who toured eastern Congo in July 2007, violence against women in North and South Kivu included "unimaginable brutality". [167], Actual school attendance has also improved greatly in recent years, with primary school net attendance estimated to be 82.4% in 2014 (82.4% of children ages 6–11 attended school; 83.4% for boys, 80.6% for girls). [185], Since 2003, more than 400,000 Congolese migrants have been expelled from Angola. Executive power went to the Belgian minister of colonial affairs, assisted by a Colonial Council (Conseil Colonial) (both located in Brussels). Besides the capital Kinshasa, the two next largest cities, Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities. It ranked lower than Niger, despite a higher margin of improvement than the latter country over 2010's numbers. During the Free State, his colonial military unit, the Force Publique, forced the local population to produce rubber. Demokratische Republik Kongo ist ein Land in Afrika (Mittelafrika) mit etwa 61 Millionen Einwohnern und einer Landfläche von 2.345.410 km². Due to the presence of undisciplined and poorly trained ex-rebels, as well as a lack of funding and having spent years fighting against different militias, the FARDC suffers from rampant corruption and inefficiency. The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was initiated by Joseph Kabila in April 2004. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Denis Tull; Chapter. [132], In 2015, figures both inside and outside of the country, such as Filimbi and Emmanuel Weyi, spoke out about the need to curb violence and instability as the 2016 elections approached. [208] Radio Télévision Nationale Congolaise (RTNC) is the national broadcaster of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The African country generated up to 70% of its export revenue from minerals in the 1970s and 1980s and was particularly hit when resource prices deteriorated at that time. bab.la arrow_drop_down bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar Toggle navigation The new constitution also saw the disappearance of the Supreme Court, which was divided into three new institutions. [126][127], In July 2007, the International Committee of the Red Cross expressed concern about the situation in eastern DRC. [133][134], The Central Bank of the Congo is responsible for developing and maintaining the Congolese franc, which serves as the primary form of currency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Centred on the Congo Basin, the territory of the DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago and was reached by the Bantu expansion about 3,000 years ago. Demokratische Republik Kongo. Die Demokratische Republik Kongo zählt aufgrund von Korruption, Menschenrechtsverletzungen und Misswirtschaft zu den fragilsten Staaten der Welt. Nur sehr wenige Menschen verfügen über ein existenzsicherndes Einkommen. Most of the roughly 175,000 Portuguese speakers in the DRC are Angolan and Mozambican expatriates. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable bilingual dictionaries and search through billions of online translations. [205] Other African nations produce music genres derived from Congolese soukous. The tropical climate also produced the Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through, though they are not mutually exclusive. [197][clarification needed][198] There are charities supporting street children such as the Congo Children Trust. These conflicts have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, increased external debt, and resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war and associated famine and disease. Demokratiske Republik Congo er med sine 2.345.410 km², verdens 12. største land og det andetstørste i Afrika. [104], There are economic and strategic incentives to bring more security to the Congo, which is rich in natural resources such as cobalt, a strategic and critical metal used in many industrial and military applications. [149], In September 2004, state-owned Gécamines signed an agreement with Global Enterprises Corporate (GEC), a company formed by the merger of Dan Gertler International (DGI) with Beny Steinmetz Global, to rehabilitate and operate the Kananga and Tilwezembe copper mines. By the early 1990s, Mobutu's government began to weaken. On 25 November 1965, Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko, officially came into power through a coup d'état. Amidst widespread confusion and chaos, a temporary government was led by technicians (the Collège des commissaires généraux). The Belgian population of the colony increased from 1,928 in 1910 to nearly 89,000 in 1959. The law on sexual violence, DRC 2006 (Les lois sur les violences sexuelles) reads (in French): CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. Lake Edward and Lake Albert are connected by the Semliki River. Choose year : Compact. [117] The 2013–2014 DHS survey (pp. It was first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley, who undertook his explorations under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium. Translator. According to Jan Egeland, presently Secretary-General of the Norwegian Refugee Council, the situation in the DRC became much worse in 2016 and 2017 and is a major moral and humanitarian challenge comparable to the wars in Syria and Yemen, which receive much more attention. Under the new constitution, the legislature remained bicameral; the executive was concomitantly undertaken by a President and the government, led by a Prime Minister, appointed from the party able to secure a majority in the National Assembly. What does Demokratische Republik Kongo mean? Die DR Kongo ist an Fläche der zweitgrößte und an Bevölkerung der viertgrößte Staat Afrikas. [14], The Democratic Republic of the Congo is named after the Congo River, which flows throughout the country. (9 December 2017), Lederer, Edith M.; Associated Press. [110] He was not the first corrupt Congolese leader by any means: "Government as a system of organized theft goes back to King Leopold II," noted Adam Hochschild in 2009. [177], The Congolese National Police (PNC) are the primary police force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The last Governor-general of the Congo Free State, Baron Théophile Wahis, remained in office in the Belgian Congo and the majority of Leopold II's administration with him. Many sports are played in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including football, basketball, and rugby. The river basin (meaning the Congo River and all of its myriad tributaries) occupies nearly the entire country and an area of nearly 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi). With more than 25 million members, it constitutes one of the largest Protestant bodies in the world. Mit dem Tod Laurent-Désiré Kabilas und dem Amtsantritt seines Sohnes Joseph wurden neue Hoffnungen für eine Beendigung des Krieges in der DRK geweckt. All air carriers certified by the DRC have been banned from European Union airports by the European Commission, due to inadequate safety standards.[159]. From 1885 to 1908, millions of the Congolese people died as a consequence of disease and exploitation. After the UN and Western governments refused his requests for aid and Lumumba stated that he was open to any country, including the Soviet Union, for assistance in the crisis, the US and Belgium became wary and oversaw his removal from office by Kasa-Vubu on 5 September and ultimate execution by Belgian-led Katangese troops on 17 January 1961. They came to be known as the fourth generation of Congolese music and mostly come from the former well-known band Wenge Musica [fr]. [103] The largest use of cobalt is in superalloys, used to make jet engine parts. After a four-year interlude between two constitutions, with new political institutions established at the various levels of government, as well as new administrative divisions for the provinces throughout the country, a new constitution came into effect in 2006 and politics in the Democratic Republic of the Congo finally settled into a stable presidential democratic republic. Traditionally water transport has been the dominant means of moving around in approximately two-thirds of the country. The agreements signed at the end of the Second Congo War called for a new "national, restructured and integrated" army that would be made up of Kabila's government forces (the FAC), the RCD, and the MLC. Browse 12 demokratische republik kongo stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. During the 1970s and 1980s, he was invited to visit the United States on several occasions, meeting with U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan and George H. W. The size of Congo, 2,345,408 square kilometres (905,567 sq mi), is slightly greater than the combined areas of Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Norway. [3], At the time of independence, the country was named the Republic of Congo-Léopoldville to distinguish it from its neighbour the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville. In 1997 Mobutu fled and Kabila marched into Kinshasa, named himself president, and reverted the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [204] Attacking Midfield: Miguel Musset Quintais : 22: €75Th. [217], One policy being attempted to reduce the deforestation and increase biodiversity in the DRC is the UN-REDD program, which uses emissions trading system so that developed nations can offset their carbon emissions by paying developing nations with rainforest to manage and conserve their forest. Some 100 Banunus fled to Moniende island in the Congo River, and another 16,000 to Makotimpoko District in the Republic of Congo. ", Al Jazeera News (9 March 2018). [136], The Democratic Republic of Congo is widely considered one of the world's richest countries in natural resources; its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth in excess of US$24 trillion. [218] Poor governance and low economic conditions have reduced the effectiveness of these protections, especially during war times. According to 2010 estimates, DRC has the 17th highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Ground transport in the Democratic Republic of Congo has always been difficult. [63][64], In 2009, The New York Times reported that people in the Congo continued to die at a rate of an estimated 45,000 per month[65] – estimates of the number who have died from the long conflict range from 900,000 to 5,400,000. [217] Five of these parks and reserves are UNESCO world heritage sites, including Africa’s first national park Virunga national park. Newspapers of the DRC include L'Avenir, Radion Télévision Mwangaza, La Conscience [fr], L'Observateur [fr], Le Phare, Le Potentiel, Le Soft and LeCongolais.CD,[207] a web-based daily. Mutombo is well known for humanitarian projects in his home country. Detailed. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFDrumbl2012 (. On 5 September 1960, Kasavubu dismissed Lumumba from office. In some areas the population declined dramatically – it has been estimated that sleeping sickness and smallpox killed nearly half the population in the areas surrounding the lower Congo River.[29]. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including DRC, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic minorities.[106]. [230] Although what was known as Africa's World War had ended in 2003 the eastern part of the country still has ongoing skirmishes between rebel groups and government forces. For other uses, see, Location of Democratic Republic of the Congo (dark green), Independence and political crisis (1960–1965), Continental and civil wars (1996–present), Kabila's term in office and multiple anti-government protests, Largest cities or towns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nelson, Samuel Henry. In 1970 the National Spiritual Assembly (national administrative council) was first elected.
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